Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice
Edited by Chanju Mun & Ronald S. Green

IntroductionContentsContributors

*NOTE: diacritical marks have been removed on this web page so the text may be viewed in all browsers and operating systems. The hardcopy volume includes the correct Sanskrit and other diacritical transliteration marks.

 

Copyright © 2006 by
Jung Bup Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii
1303 Rycroft Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
Blue Pine Books (213) 675-0336

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006921286
ISBN: 0-9777553-0-4
ISBN: 978-0-9777553-0-1

320 pages
Price: $35.00

Introduction

[NOTE: The titles and academic institutions listed in association with the contributors represent the positions they held in 1995, that is, at the time of the seventh seminar.]

This book is composed of the five special speeches and twenty-three articles presented in the Fifth International Seminar on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace on the theme of "Exploration of Ways to Put Buddhist Thought into Social Practice for Peace and Justice," during November 18 - 21, 1991. The seminar was held under the joint auspice of the Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii and the Korean Buddhist Research Institute of Dongguk University. Professor Jeongil Do from the Department of English Literature of the Kyung Hee University directed the seminar. More than sixty peace leaders, social scientists, human scientists, religious leaders, Buddhist scholars, literary men and so forth from thirteen nations participated in the international conference.

They delivered special speeches, presented articles or attended as panel members. The Most Venerable Uihyeon Seo, President of the Korean Buddhist Jogye Order and Chair of the Federation of Korean Buddhist Sects, Mr. Daejung Gim, currently opposition leader of the Democratic Party and later President of the Republic of Korea, and Dr. Byong-chun Min, President of the Dongguk University hosted the dinner party during the seminar respectively.

The titles and academic affiliations of participants are listed according to their status in 1991, when the fifth seminar was held. Among them, there are many local, Korean participants including: Mr. Eun Koh, Korea's admired poet, novelist and democratic leader; Professor Yongjeong Gim, Vice President of the Dongguk University; Mr. Jiha Gim, the nationally renowned poet and democratic leader; Dr. Hak-joon Kim, Chief Assistant to the President for Policy Research; Dr. Byong-chun Min, President of the Dongguk University; Mr. Wan-il Park, President of the Federation of Korean Lay Buddhist Associations; Ven. Wolju Song, Former President of the Federation of Korean Buddhist Sects; Professor Jae-ryong Shim, Department of Philosophy, Seoul National University; Dr. Eul-byong Chang, President of the Sunggyunkwan University; Dr. Ki-young Lee, President of the Korean Institute for Buddhist Studies; Professor Byeongjo Jeong, Department of Ethics, Dongguk University; Ven. Jin-wol Lee; Ven. In-hwan Chae, Director of the Korean Buddhist Research Institute, Dongguk University; Professor Seungjik Hong, Director of the Center for Asian Affairs, Korea University; Professor Useong Heo, Department of Philosophy, Kyung Hee University and others.

Many people participated in this seminar from the United States and one from Canada as follows: Professor Glenn D. Paige, Department of Political Science, University of Hawaii - Manoa; Professor Sung-bae Park, Program in Korean Studies, Department of Comparative Studies, State University of New York - Stony Brook; Professor David J. Kalupahana, Department of Philosophy, University of Hawaii - Manoa; Professor Jamie Hubbard, Department of Religious Studies, Smith College; Ms. Jean Sadako King, Former Lieutenant Governor of the State of Hawaii; Professor David Chappell, Department of Religious Studies, University of Hawaii - Manoa; Ven. Daewon Ki, Abbot of the Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii; Professor George Bond, Department of Religious Studies, Northwestern University; Professor Bernard Faure, Department of Religious Studies, Stanford University; Professor Taisetsu Unno, Department of Religious Studies, Smith College; Mr. J. C. Cleary, worldwide famous writer and translator; Professor Padmanabh S. Jaini, Department of South Asian Studies, University of California - Berkeley; Professor Graeme MacQueen, Department of Religious Studies, McMaster University, Canada and others.

There were many participants from Asia including the following: Professor Tadashige Takamura, Director of the Peace Research Institute, Soka University, Japan; Professor Hiroharu Seki, Dean of the Faculty of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University, Japan; Ven. Medagoda Sumanatissa, Principal of the International Theravada Buddhist Centre, Sunethra Maha Devi (University) Privena, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka; Professor Suwanna Satha-Anand, Department of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Dr. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Thailand; K. S. Vimala Devi, G. Ramachandran Institute of Nonviolence, India; N. Radhakrishnan, Director of the Gandhi Smriti & Darshan Samiti, India; Professor Baoxu Zhao, Department of International Politics, Beijing University, China; Professor Jiwen Du, Institute for Research on World Religions, the Chinese Academy of Social Science, China; Ven. Thich Minh Chau, Vice President of the ABCP (Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace) and Vice Chairman of the Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha, Vietnam; Dr. G. Lubsantseren, Secretary General, ABCP, Mongolia and so on.

Several people attended this seminar from Europe as follows: Dr. Johan Galtung, Professor of Peace Studies, Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawaii - Manoa and Olof Palme Professor of Peace Studies, HSFR, Sweden; Professor Sanje D. Dylykov, Institute of Oriental Studies, Academy of Sciences of the USSR and Vice President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists, USSR; Dr. Eremey Parnov, President of the European Society of Science Fiction, USSR; Mr. Erdem Mytypov, Secretary, Central Religious Board of Soviet Buddhists, Datsan Ivolginsk, Buryat ASSR and so forth.

This book is divided into two parts: "Special Speeches" and "Buddhist Explorations of Peace and Justice." In the first part, there are five special speeches by five Korean dignitaries. First, Byong-chun Min presented "Welcoming Address"; second, Daewon Ki's "Buddhism's Role in Modern Society"; third, Eun Koh's "What is Buddhism to Peace?"; fourth, Eul-byong Chang's "World Peace, Korean Unification and Democracy"; and fifth, Wan-il Park, "Social Function of Buddhism." Unfortunately, we were not able to include some of the special speeches delivered in Korean without English translations, by some of the Korean dignitaries.

The second part of the book contains twenty-three articles. Of the original contributions, some valuable articles in this group also had to be omitted. Since the time of the seminar, some presenters have passed away. Others could not be reached to review their articles for publication. The article by the late Ki-young Rhi has been included in this book even though there are no footnotes. The book also includes an article by Dr. Hak-joon Kim even though it is outdated in its discussion of the international situation surrounding the Korean peninsula in late 1980's and early 1990's. Even so, the article is very good for readers to understand the ROK's policies to build a peaceful Northeast Asia just after the Cold War period. General articles on peace and justice in Buddhist contexts are arranged in the earlier part and articles related to Korean Buddhism in the later part of the book.

This is the most comprehensive book on the theme of peace and justice in Buddhist contexts to date. The number of distinguished contributors nearly equally came from the two major Buddhist traditions, Theravada and Mahayana. The array of speeches and articles thoroughly investigate peace and justice from many different Buddhist traditions.

Ven. Daewon Ki, abbot of Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii, held seven international seminars on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace, which have gained worldwide repute for leading academic discussions on the subject. Of them, the fifth seminar comprehensively explored ways to put Buddhist thought into social practice for peace and justice. The scope of the fifth seminar was the widest among them. More than sixty peace activists and Buddhist scholars from thirteen nations participated and discussed peace and justice.

Peace activists, Buddhists and non-Buddhists, may draw upon the academic information and the knowledge shared by these profound thinkers, to build peace and promote social justice in this struggling and problematic world. The book is intended for social scientists, peace activists, Buddhist scholars, engaged Buddhists and all people concerned about social conditions. We hope they may incorporate Buddhist wisdom on peace and justice to broaden their understanding and to discover ways of bring about happiness in this world of conflict and injustice.

CONTENTS

NOTES

ABBREVIATIONS

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION


Part 1. Special Speeches

1. Welcoming Address
- - - - - - - - Byong-chun Min

2. Buddhism’s Role in Modern Society
- - - - - - - - Daewon Ki

3. What is Buddhism to Peace?
- - - - - - - - Eun Koh

4. World Peace, Korean Unification and Democracy
- - - - - - - - Eul-byong Chang

5. Social Function of Buddhism
- - - - - - - - Wan-il Park

1. Real Happiness in the Dharma
2. Law of Dependent Origination
3. Man Who Falls to the Ground
4. Practice of Six Paramitas


Part 2. Buddhist Explorations of Peace and Justice

6. Exploration of Right Livelihood as One Path to Peace and Justice
- - - - - - - - Jean Sadako King

7. So Many Different Worlds
- - - - - - - - J. C. Cleary

8. For Contribution to the Cause of Peace and Justice
- - - - - - - - G. Lubsantseren

9. The Ring of World and Buddhism
- - - - - - - - Yeremei Parnov

10. Bodhisattva’s Social Ethics
- - - - - - - - David W. Chappell

1. Fangdeng Bodhisattva Precepts
2. Fanwang jing Bodhisattva Precepts
3. Theory and Practice
4. Appendix

11. What the Modern World Should Search for in Buddhism
- - - - - - - - In-hwan Chae

12. The Therava-da Buddhist Experience of Social Practice for Peace and Justice
- - - - - - - - Medagoda Sumanatissa

13. Reading Buddhist Texts with New Light
- - - - - - - - Chatsumarn Kabilsingh

14. Bodhisattva Action in the New World Order
- - - - - - - - Graeme MacQueen

1. Introduction
2. The New World Order
3. The Bodhisattva Metanarrative
4. Bodhisattvic Action in the First World
5. Choosing Our Stories

15. Toward the Establishment of a Fundamental Doctrine of Human Rights
- - - - - - - - Tadashige Takamura

1. Introduction
2. Human Rights as the Key Concept
2.1. Human Rights as a Purpose
2.2. Peace and Development for Human Rights
3. Third Generation of Human Rights
4. Evaluation of the Doctrine “Third Generation of Human Rights”
5. The Buddhist View on Human Rights
5.1. The Dignity of Life
5.2. Equality
5.3. Nonviolence
5.4. Self-Restraint
5.5. Self-fulfillment
6. For the Spiritual Uplifting of the Respect for Human Right

16. Language and Peace: The Early Buddhist Perspective
- - - - - - - - David J. Kalupahana

17. The Approaches of the Buddha and Gandhi towards Religious Tolerance
- - - - - - - - K.S. Vimala Devi

18. Buddhism: The Messenger of Peace, Contact and Understanding
- - - - - - - - Jiwen Du & Baoxu Zhao

19. Putting Buddhist Ideas into Social Practice for Peace and Justice:
The Truth of the Conventional
- - - - - - - - Jamie Hubbard

1. Introduction
2. The Impulse to Practice: Breaking with the Social
2.1. Renunciation
2.2. The Mahayana and the Bodhisattva Ideal
3. Doctrinal Considerations
3.1. Buddhism and History
3.2. Disjunction of the Ultimate
3.3. Relativism
3.4. Upaya as Social and Cultural Relativism
4. A Conventional Basis for Buddhist Social Involvement
4.1. Future Gain (vipa-ka)
4.2. Merit
5. Conclusions

20. Buddhism for Social Justice in Thai Society: An Analysis of Buddhadassa’s Teachings
- - - - - - - - Suwanna Satha-Anand

1. Introduction
2. Graphic Image of Buddhist Social Hierarchy
3. Buddhism as a Cultural Basis for Social Justice
4. A Concluding Note

21. The Sermon of the Buddha to Spread the Dharma and Its Relevance for Peace
- - - - - - - - Padmanabh S. Jaini

22. Buddhism and Peace
- - - - - - - - Jae-ryong Shim

1. Preliminary Remarks
2. Buddhism and Peace
2.1. The Traditional Indian Concept of Righteous War
2.2. Buddhist Idea of Peace
2.2.1. The Buddhist Concept of Peace
2.2.1.1. A Peaceful Society
2.2.1.2. Peaceful Human Relationships
2.2.1.3. A Peaceful Heart
2.2.2. A Buddhist Analysis of the Factors Inhibiting Peace
2.3. Why do Buddhist Societies have Wars?
2.4. The Buddhist Way to Peace: the Complete Achievement of Non-violence and Non-killing

23. The Imperative of the Practice of Ahimsa Today: A Gandhian Perspective
- - - - - - - - N. Radhakrishnan

24. Buddhist Ethics and a New Moral Order
- - - - - - - - Thich Minh Chau

25. Wonhyo’s Ideal on Peace and Union
- - - - - - - - Ki-young Rhi

1. Time of Dispute
2. Religion as the Way of Life to Dispel the Dispute
3. Ilseung (Ekayana) as the Ultimate Reality
4. How to Arrive at This Ultimate Reality, Ilseung?

26. Wonhyo’s Theory of Harmonization
- - - - - - - - Sung-bae Park

27. Master Yongseong’s Life and Works: An Engaged Buddhism of Peace and Justice
- - - - - - - - Jin-wol Lee

1. Introduction
2. Yongseong’s Life and Works
2.1. Historical Environment
2.2. Life
2.3. Yongseong’s Works
2.3.1. Books
2.3.2. Books in Translation, Chinese into Korean
2.3.3. Articles
2.3.4. Editorial Work
2.3.5. Record of Yongseong
3. Yongseong’s Thoughts and Practices for Peace and Justice
3.1. Thought
3.2. Practices
4. Conclusions

28. The Republic of Korea’s Policies to Build a Peaceful Northeast Asia
- - - - - - - - Hak-joon Kim

1. Republic of Korea’s Northern Policy
2. Impact of the ROK-Soviet Rapprochement on Inter-Korean Relations
3. Republic of Korea’s Reunification Policy
4. Concluding Remarks

 

PHOTOS

Photo 1: Group picture of contributors taken at the Sheraton Walker Hill.

Photo 2: Taken at the Office of President Min Byong-chun of Dongguk University, co-organizer of the 5th International Seminar on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace together with the Korean Buddhist Dae Won Sa Temple of Hawaii.

Photo 3: A dinner photo taken at the Sheraton Walker Hill with former South Korean President Gim Daejung and the seminar representatives. President Gim Daejung delivered a special speech to the seminar participants.

Contributors

[NOTE: The titles and academic institutions listed in association with the contributors represent the positions they held in 1995, that is, at the time of the seventh seminar.]

Dr. Byong-chun Min, President, Dongguk University, Seoul, ROK

Ven. Daewon Ki, Abbot, Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii, USA

Mr. Eun Koh, Korea's admired poet, novelist and democratic leader

Dr. Eul-byong Chang, President, Sunggyunkwan University, Seoul, ROK

Mr. Wan-il Park, President, Federation of Korean Lay Buddhist Associations, Seoul, ROK

Dr. Hak-joon Kim, Chief Assistant to the President for Policy Research, Seoul, ROK

Prof. Jae-ryong Shim, Department of Philosophy, Seoul National University, Seoul, ROK

Ven. Jin-wol Lee, Dharmic Teacher, Dae Won Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii, USA

Ven. Dr. In-hwan Chae, Director, Korean Buddhist Research Institute, Dongguk University, Seoul, ROK

Dr. Ki-young Lee, President, Korean Institute for Buddhist Studies, Seoul, ROK

Dr. Sung-bae Park, Director, Program in Korean Studies, Department of Comparative Studies, State University of New York - Stony Brook, USA

Prof. David J. Kalupahana, Department of Philosophy, University of Hawaii - Manoa, USA

Prof. Jamie Hubbard, Department of Religious Studies, Smith College, USA

Ms. Jean Sadako King, Former Lieutenant Governor of the State of Hawaii, USA

Prof. David Chappell, Department of Religious Studies, University of Hawaii - Manoa, USA

Prof. George Bond, Department of Religious Studies, Northwestern University, USA

Mr. J. C. Cleary, worldwide famous writer and translator

Prof. Padmanabh S. Jaini, Department of South Asian Studies, University of California - Berkeley, USA

Prof. Graeme MacQueen, Department of Religious Studies, McMaster University, Canada

Prof. Tadashige Takamura, Director, Peace Research Institute, Soka University, Japan

Ven. Medagoda Sumanatissa, Principal, International Theravada Buddhist Centre, Sunethra Maha Devi (University) Privera, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka

Prof. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Thailand

Prof. Suwanna Satha-Anand, Department of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

K. S. Vimala Devi, G. Ramachandran Institute of Nonviolence, India

N. Radhakrishnan, Director, Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti, India

Prof. Baoxu Zhao, Department of International Politics, Beijing University, China

Prof. Jiwen Du, Institute for Research on World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Science, China

Ven. Thich Minh Chau, Vice President of the ABCP (Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace) and Vice Chairman of the Vietamese Buddhist Sangha, Vietnam

Dr. G. Lubsantseren, Secretary General, ABCP, Mongolia

Dr. Eremey Parnov, President, European Society of Science Fiction, USSR

Coeditors

Ven. Chanju Mun is the founder and chief editor of Blue Pine Books and is currently teaching East Asian Buddhist Studies at the University of the West in Los Angeles. He received a Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Wisconsin - Madison in 2002 and a Master's Degree in Philosophy from Seoul National University in 1991. He has been a researcher at exiled Tibetan Drepung Monastic University in South India and at the University of Tokyo. His recent publications include The History of Doctrinal Classification in Chinese Buddhism: A Study of the Panjiao Systems (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 2006), "Tibetan Monastic Education Curriculum and its Theoretical Background" (Buddhist Soteriology, 2005), "Wonhyo (617-686): A Critic of Sectarian Doctrinal Classifications" (Hsi Lai Journal of Humanistic Buddhism 6, 2005) and "Historical Introduction to Minjung Buddhism (Korean Liberation Buddhism)" (Kankoku bukkyo semina - 9, 2003) and others.

Dr. Ronald S. Green is editor of Blue Pine Books, USA. He received a Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Wisconsin - Madison in 2003. He also holds a Master of Arts Degree in Japanese Literature from the University of Oregon and a Master of Science Degree in Sociology from Virginia Tech. In addition to his interest in engaged Buddhism, his research focuses on the lives and practices of East Asain Buddhists past and present.



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